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The detection and quantification of 127 known PFAS in PC-368NP is done by 3rd party SGS providing test for a wide range of PFAS compounds using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) for accurate and sensitive detection.The testing was performed with the water-diluted solution (organic dilution solvent) of the submitted sample, and the dilution ratio to water (organic dilution solvent) was one to one thousand. Dilution factor was not applied to the calculation of result values.

The full realisation of optical fibres in devices such as sensors is reliant on the stability of their polymer coating under in-service conditions. Depending on the application, resistance to several environmental factors may be required, such as high or low humidity level, temperature, pressure, or exposure to aggressive solids, liquids or gases. Changes in mechanical or chemical properties as a result of harsh environments can lead to stresses in the coating and subsequent deterioration of the physical or optical properties of the optical fibre. A variety of coating materials are available on the global market, offering optical fibre manufacturers a plethora of options.

This paper employs the solution-doping technique for the fabrication of active polymer optical fibers (POFs), in which the dopant molecules are directly incorporated into the core of non-doped uncladded fibers. Firstly, we characterize the insertion of a solution of rhodamine B and methanol into the core of the fiber samples at different temperatures, and we show that better optical characteristics, especially in the attenuation coefficient, are achieved at lower temperatures. Moreover, we also analyze the dependence of the emission features of doped fibers on both the propagation distance and the excitation time. Some of these features and the corresponding ones reported in the literature for typical active POFs doped with the same dopant are quantitatively similar among them. This applies to the spectral location of the absorption and the emission bands, the spectral displacement with propagation distance, and the linear attenuation coefficient. The samples prepared in the way described in this work present higher photostability than typical samples reported in the literature, which are prepared in different ways

We propose a simple ultraviolet (UV) sensor consisting of a conventional single-mode optical fiber capped with an azobenzene-moiety-containing polymer. The UV light changes the dimensions of the azobenzene polymer, as well as the refractive index of the material. Incident light with a wavelength of 1550 nm was reflected at the fiber/polymer and polymer/air interfaces, and interference of the reflected beams resulted in spectral interference that shifted the wavelength by 0.78 nm at a UV input power of 2.5 mW/cm2. The UV sensor’s response to wavelength is nonlinear and stable. The response speed of the sensor is limited by detection noise, which can be improved by modifying the insertion loss of the UV sensor and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. The proposed compact UV sensor is easy to fabricate, is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and only reacts to UV light.

Polymer clad fibers (PCFs) represent a broad class of specialty optical fibers having numerous medical and industrial applications. Many PCFs utilize fluoroacrylate cladding materials, with or without an overcoat such as a thermoplastic or UV-curable buffer. Several harsh applications of PCFs (e.g., laser generation and high optical power transmission) require high mechanical, thermal and hydrolytic stability of the fibers. For fiber manufacturers, this has required development of new testing procedures and equipment. The article describes various kinds of PCFs and methods of their testing for different potential applications.

Fibers with numerical aperture of about 0.45 and higher are interesting for power transmission, remote sensing or for laser fibers with high pump efficiency. To achieve this goal we followed two ways of fiber designing. On the one hand we prepared step index
fibers with different ultra low refractive index polymer coating (fluorinated acrylate, silicon based coatings, silica based hybrid glass coatings). We investigated and reviewed thermal stability (TG) of the coatings and the optical (spectral attenuation, NA, macro-bending loss), and mechanical (tensile strength) properties of different polymer coated fibers. On the other hand microstructured optical fibers (MOF) offer new possibilities to expand the polymer material limited NA span. We fabricated different solid core air clad
MOF with maximum NA = 0.55. Despite of the obvious advantages of these holey fibers (no material absorption in air holes, high refractive index contrast 1.45:1) some specific properties have to be considered critically. The essential small bridge widths cause deficits in mechanical stability.

Optical fibers with different types of polymer coatings were exposed to three sterilization conditions: multiple autoclaving, treatment with ethylene oxide and treatment with gamma rays. Effects of different sterilization techniques on key optical and mechanical properties of the fibers are reported. The primary attention is given to behavior of the coatings in harsh sterilization environments. The following four coating/buffer types were investigated: (i) dual acrylate, (ii) polyimide, (iii) silicone/PEEK and (iv) fluoroacrylate hard cladding/ETFE.

The high power transmission stability is characterized by launching up to 500 W at 940 and 980 nm into the fiber over a period of at least 30 min. The most critical experimental points for comparing the stability results are the reproducible stripping of the coating with a well defined crossover and the strict clean and rectangular preparation of the fiber end faces. The far field and the numerical aperture are used as an indicator for changes of the optical coating properties. Small changes in the refractive index during the power stability tests have been detected for the low index acrylate and for the hybrid material. It was tried to correlate the results with the thermochemical investigations of the used coating materials (DTA, TG). The experimental results show the limits of applicability and the potential of both types of fibers for high power applications

This paper reports on a new technology for the realization of an optical waveguide layer in electrical-optical circuit boards. The technology is based on casting of transparent polysiloxanes as low cost, low loss (0,05 dB/cm at 850 nm) and high temperature stable (> 250°C) material system. The waveguide layer fabrication will be discussed as well as the preparation of suitable casting moulds. Further issues are the material and waveguide properties of optical polysiloxanes, the coupling to OE-modules, and the lamination of optical layers into printed circuit boards

A Mach–Zehnder electro-optic polymer amplitude modulator is fabricated by a simple and high-throughput soft-stamp replica-molding technique. The modulator structure incorporates the highly nonlinear and stable chromophore, AJL8, doped in amorphous polycarbonate. Single-arm-phase-retardation results in a halfwave voltage sVpd of 8.4 V at 1600 nm. The on/off extinction ratio is better than 19 dB, resulting from precise Y-branch power splitters and good waveguide uniformity. These results indicate that the simple fabrication process allows for good optical performance from high-fidelity replicas of the original master devices. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1787944]